An LC low-pass filter achieves signal filtering by leveraging the different impedance characteristics of inductors (L) and capacitors (C) at different frequencies. Its primary function is to allow low-frequency signals to pass while suppressing high-frequency components, and it is widely used in power supply filtering, audio circuits, and RF systems.

At low frequencies, the inductor presents little opposition to the signal, while the capacitor exhibits high impedance, allowing the signal to pass from input to output with minimal attenuation. As the signal frequency increases, the inductor increasingly impedes high-frequency currents, while the capacitor more readily shunts high-frequency components to ground, effectively reducing high-frequency noise and interference.

By appropriately selecting the values of the inductor and capacitor, as well as the filter order, an LC low-pass filter can maintain low insertion loss in the passband while providing strong attenuation at higher frequencies. Compared with RC low-pass filters, LC low-pass filters are better suited for medium- to high-frequency and high-current applications, offering higher efficiency and lower power dissipation.

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